APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN PUBLIC RELATIONS: BIBLIOMETRIC AND THEMATIC TRENDS IN AN EVOLVING RESEARCH FIELD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31851/7hkh8b21Keywords:
Applied English Linguistics, Public Relations Communication, Bibliometric Analysis, Thematic Review , Research TrendsAbstract
This study explores the intellectual framework, thematic shifts, and research trends at the intersection of applied linguistics and public relations over the past decade. The main goal is to highlight key scholars, influential sources, prevailing topics, and methodological advancements in this emerging interdisciplinary field. Bibliometric data was sourced from the Scopus database, covering peer-reviewed articles from 2016 to 2025 that explicitly discuss both applied linguistics and public relations. Using Biblioshiny (Bibliometrix) for performance metrics, collaboration networks, thematic mapping, and keyword co-occurrence, alongside NVivo 12 for qualitative content analysis, the study combines both quantitative and qualitative methods to offer a thorough analysis of the field’s development. Findings show a notable rise in publication output and thematic variety, reflecting rapid intellectual expansion. Five major thematic clusters emerged: AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP), Digital and Social Media Communication, Health Communication, Discourse and Organizational Communication, and Cross-Cultural Communication. The study also reveals a shift towards computational linguistics, big data analytics, and sentiment analysis, with increasing focus on ethics, transparency, and trust in digital discourse. New frontiers include AI-driven communication models, crisis communication in digital media, multilingual brand communication, and ethnolinguistic approaches to organizational trust.
References
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Agbo, F. J., Oyelere, S. S., Suhonen, J., & Tukiainen, M. (2021). Scientific Production and Thematic Breakthroughs in Smart Learning Environments: A Bibliometric Analysis. Smart Learning Environments, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00145-4
Ali, J., Jusoh, A., Idris, N., Abbas, A. F., & Alsharif, A. H. (2021). Everything Is Going Electronic, So Do Services and Service Quality: Bibliometric Analysis of E-Services and E-Service Quality. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (Ijim), 15(18), 148. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i18.24519
Amano, T., Ramírez‐Castañeda, V., Berdejo‐Espinola, V., Borokini, I., Chowdhury, S., Golivets, M., González‐Trujillo, J. D., Montaño‐Centellas, F., Paudel, K., White, R. L., & Veríssimo, D. (2025). Language, Economic and Gender Disparities Widen the Scientific Productivity Gap. Plos Biology, 23(9), e3003372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003372
Andrade, C. F. d., Andrade, C. V. d., Velásquez, J. A., & Bezerra, D. A. (2022). A Bibliometric Study on Research Trends in Hydrogen Production From Solar Sources Based on Scopus. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 16(3), e03091. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16n3-007
Aryadoust, V. (2023). Bibliometrics and Scientometrics in Applied Linguistics: Epilogue to the Special Issue. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 13(4), 925–933. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.40221
Banegas, D. L., & Sandoval, M. F. L. (2019). Inclusive Language in Spanish as Interpellation to Educational Authorities. Applied Linguistics, 42(2), 342–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz026
Bhat, M. A., & Ganai, P. (2023). The Language of Crisis: Print Media’s Re[presentation] of the Covid-19 Discourses Through Linguistic Choices. RHSS. https://doi.org/10.7176/rhss/13-10-07
HOLOVATSKA, Y., & LEIBYCH, Y. (2021). Lingual Features of English Manipulative Discourse. Humanities Science Current Issues, 7(35), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/35-7-7
Jaya, A., Hartono, R., Wahyuni, S., & Yulianto, H. J. (2025). Los efectos de la estrategia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos con actividad física en función del género sobre el rendimiento escolar y la confianza en sí mismos de los estudiantes. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 66, 349–360. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.110067
Jha, A., & Kumar, S. (2023). Linguistic Strategies in Media Discourse Analysis of Global Politics. Ijpmonline, 2(2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.26524/ijpm.2.9
Jia, M. (2022). Toward an Integrated Understanding of Language Use in Health Communication: Discourse-Analytic and Message Design Approaches. Applied Linguistics, 43(6), 1217–1221. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac063
Jurafsky, D., & Martin, J. H. (2023). Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition (3rd ed.). Stanford University Press.
Kuntari, N. A. N., Ulfa, M., & Jamal, A. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Waste Management: A Bibliometric Analysis. Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 10(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.5319
Lesiana, N., Mulyadi, Aswadi Jaya, & Pratiwi, E. (2023). Classroom Interaction in Communicative Language Teaching of Secondary School. Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme, 7(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v7i1.12661
Mahyuni, Fadjri, M., & Ahmadi, N. (2022). Linguistic Landscape (LL) and Communication Strategies: Insights From the Local Living. 241–252. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-21-3_27
Melvina, M., & Julia, J. (2021). Learner autonomy and English proficiency of Indonesian undergraduate students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(2), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.18844/CJES.V16I2.5677
Moja, L., Rio, M. P. F. del, Banzi, R., Cusi, C., D’Amico, R., Liberati, A., Lodi, G., Lucenteforte, E., Minozzi, S., Pecoraro, V. L., Virgili, G., & Parmelli, E. (2012). Multiple Systematic Reviews: Methods for Assessing Discordances of Results. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 7(6), 563–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-012-0846-1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo‐Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
Paliwoda-Matiolańska, A., Lozano, E. S., & Nakayama, A. (2020). Corporate Image or Social Engagement: Twitter Discourse on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Public Relations Strategies in the Energy Sector. Profesional De La Información. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.33
Partarakis, N., Kaplanidi, D., Doulgeraki, P., Karuzaki, E., & Petraki, E. (2021). Representation and Presentation of Culinary Tradition as Cultural Heritage. Heritage, 4(2), 612–640. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020036
Penedones, A., & Marques, F. B. (2018). Methodologic Assessment of the Systematic Reviews of Ophthalmic Adverse Drug Reactions Published in Ophthalmology Journals: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Research, 60(2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000489932
Pennycook, A. (2016). Critical Applied Linguistics and Education. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_14-1
Raza, B., Ahmad, R., Nasir, M. H. N. M., & Fauzi, S. S. M. (2021). Socio-Technical Congruence as an Emerging Concept in Software Development: A Scientometric Analysis and Critical Literature Review. Ieee Access, 9, 129051–129077. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113637
Seraj, P. M. I., Klímová, B., & Khan, R. (2024). Visualizing Research Trends in English Language Teaching (ELT) From 2013 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241251998
Shea, B., Grimshaw, J., Wells, G. A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., Porter, A. C., Tugwell, P., Moher, D., & Bouter, L. M. (2007). Development of AMSTAR: A Measurement Tool to Assess the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-10
Shin, J. (2022). Criticality, Identity, and Ethics: Toward the Construction of Ethical Subjectivity in Applied Linguistics Research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 42, 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190521000179
Soliman, M., Fatnassi, T., Elgammal, I., & Figueiredo, R. (2023). Exploring the Major Trends and Emerging Themes of Artificial Intelligence in the Scientific Leading Journals Amidst the COVID-19 Era. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 7(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010012
Spector, J. M., Merrill, M. D., Merrienboer, J. Van, & Driscoll, M. P. (2019). Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (Third Edit). Taylor & Francis Group.
Syahid, A., & Qodir, A. (2021). Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies: A Fifteen-Year Bibliometric Quest for a Bigger Impact. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.903415
Tahir, S., & Bidin, S. J. (2020). Research on Linguistic Landscape: Observing the Minute in the Bigger Picture. Global Journal of Emerging Sciences, 20–34. https://doi.org/10.37187/gjoes.0320.0201.04
Wasi, M., Zaki, S., & Anwar, R. H. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis of Research in Forensic Linguistics. Sage Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241299280
Wasiak, J., Tyack, Z., Ware, R. S., Goodwin, N., & Faggion, C. M. (2016). Poor Methodological Quality and Reporting Standards of Systematic Reviews in Burn Care Management. International Wound Journal, 14(5), 754–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12692
Welch, V., Mathew, C., Babelmorad, P., Li, Y., Ghogomu, E. T., Borg, J., Conde, M., Kristjansson, E., Lyddiatt, A., Marcus, S. M., Nickerson, J., Pottie, K., Rogers, M., Sadana, R., Saran, A., Shea, B., Sheehy, L., Sveistrup, H., Tanuseputro, P., … Howe, T. (2021). Health, Social Care and Technological Interventions to Improve Functional Ability of Older Adults Living at Home: An Evidence and Gap Map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1175
Wilton, A., & Stegu, M. (2011). Bringing the ‘Folk’ Into Applied Linguistics. Aila Review, 24, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.24.01wil
Yuslaini, N., Andriyus, A., Febriyanti, D., & Wicaksono, A. (2024). Sustainable Palm Oil Investment Climate in Indonesia: Foreign and Domestic Promotion by the Local Government. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy, 5(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v5i1.266
Zhang, X. (2019). A Bibliometric Analysis of Second Language Acquisition Between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(1), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263119000573
Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Liu, Y., Pilkington, K., Hartling, L., Joffe, A. R., Loke, Y. K., & Vohra, S. (2014). Quality of Reporting in Systematic Reviews of Adverse Events: Systematic Review. BMJ, 348(jan08 1), f7668–f7668. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f7668
Abbott, R., Coon, J. T., Bethel, A., Rogers, M., Whear, R., Orr, N., Garside, R., Goodwin, V. A., Mahmoud, A., Lourida, I., & Cheeseman, D. (2023). PROTOCOL: Health and Social Care Interventions in the 80 Years Old and Over Population: An Evidence and Gap Map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1326
Agbo, F. J., Oyelere, S. S., Suhonen, J., & Tukiainen, M. (2021). Scientific Production and Thematic Breakthroughs in Smart Learning Environments: A Bibliometric Analysis. Smart Learning Environments, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00145-4
Ali, J., Jusoh, A., Idris, N., Abbas, A. F., & Alsharif, A. H. (2021). Everything Is Going Electronic, So Do Services and Service Quality: Bibliometric Analysis of E-Services and E-Service Quality. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (Ijim), 15(18), 148. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i18.24519
Amano, T., Ramírez‐Castañeda, V., Berdejo‐Espinola, V., Borokini, I., Chowdhury, S., Golivets, M., González‐Trujillo, J. D., Montaño‐Centellas, F., Paudel, K., White, R. L., & Veríssimo, D. (2025). Language, Economic and Gender Disparities Widen the Scientific Productivity Gap. Plos Biology, 23(9), e3003372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003372
Andrade, C. F. d., Andrade, C. V. d., Velásquez, J. A., & Bezerra, D. A. (2022). A Bibliometric Study on Research Trends in Hydrogen Production From Solar Sources Based on Scopus. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 16(3), e03091. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16n3-007
Aryadoust, V. (2023). Bibliometrics and Scientometrics in Applied Linguistics: Epilogue to the Special Issue. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 13(4), 925–933. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.40221
Banegas, D. L., & Sandoval, M. F. L. (2019). Inclusive Language in Spanish as Interpellation to Educational Authorities. Applied Linguistics, 42(2), 342–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz026
Bhat, M. A., & Ganai, P. (2023). The Language of Crisis: Print Media’s Re[presentation] of the Covid-19 Discourses Through Linguistic Choices. RHSS. https://doi.org/10.7176/rhss/13-10-07
HOLOVATSKA, Y., & LEIBYCH, Y. (2021). Lingual Features of English Manipulative Discourse. Humanities Science Current Issues, 7(35), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/35-7-7
Jaya, A., Hartono, R., Wahyuni, S., & Yulianto, H. J. (2025). Los efectos de la estrategia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos con actividad física en función del género sobre el rendimiento escolar y la confianza en sí mismos de los estudiantes. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 66, 349–360. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.110067
Jha, A., & Kumar, S. (2023). Linguistic Strategies in Media Discourse Analysis of Global Politics. Ijpmonline, 2(2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.26524/ijpm.2.9
Jia, M. (2022). Toward an Integrated Understanding of Language Use in Health Communication: Discourse-Analytic and Message Design Approaches. Applied Linguistics, 43(6), 1217–1221. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac063
Jurafsky, D., & Martin, J. H. (2023). Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition (3rd ed.). Stanford University Press.
Kuntari, N. A. N., Ulfa, M., & Jamal, A. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Waste Management: A Bibliometric Analysis. Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 10(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.5319
Lesiana, N., Mulyadi, Aswadi Jaya, & Pratiwi, E. (2023). Classroom Interaction in Communicative Language Teaching of Secondary School. Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme, 7(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v7i1.12661
Mahyuni, Fadjri, M., & Ahmadi, N. (2022). Linguistic Landscape (LL) and Communication Strategies: Insights From the Local Living. 241–252. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-21-3_27
Melvina, M., & Julia, J. (2021). Learner autonomy and English proficiency of Indonesian undergraduate students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(2), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.18844/CJES.V16I2.5677
Moja, L., Rio, M. P. F. del, Banzi, R., Cusi, C., D’Amico, R., Liberati, A., Lodi, G., Lucenteforte, E., Minozzi, S., Pecoraro, V. L., Virgili, G., & Parmelli, E. (2012). Multiple Systematic Reviews: Methods for Assessing Discordances of Results. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 7(6), 563–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-012-0846-1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo‐Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
Paliwoda-Matiolańska, A., Lozano, E. S., & Nakayama, A. (2020). Corporate Image or Social Engagement: Twitter Discourse on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Public Relations Strategies in the Energy Sector. Profesional De La Información. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.33
Partarakis, N., Kaplanidi, D., Doulgeraki, P., Karuzaki, E., & Petraki, E. (2021). Representation and Presentation of Culinary Tradition as Cultural Heritage. Heritage, 4(2), 612–640. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020036
Penedones, A., & Marques, F. B. (2018). Methodologic Assessment of the Systematic Reviews of Ophthalmic Adverse Drug Reactions Published in Ophthalmology Journals: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Research, 60(2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000489932
Pennycook, A. (2016). Critical Applied Linguistics and Education. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02320-5_14-1
Raza, B., Ahmad, R., Nasir, M. H. N. M., & Fauzi, S. S. M. (2021). Socio-Technical Congruence as an Emerging Concept in Software Development: A Scientometric Analysis and Critical Literature Review. Ieee Access, 9, 129051–129077. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113637
Seraj, P. M. I., Klímová, B., & Khan, R. (2024). Visualizing Research Trends in English Language Teaching (ELT) From 2013 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241251998
Shea, B., Grimshaw, J., Wells, G. A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., Porter, A. C., Tugwell, P., Moher, D., & Bouter, L. M. (2007). Development of AMSTAR: A Measurement Tool to Assess the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-10
Shin, J. (2022). Criticality, Identity, and Ethics: Toward the Construction of Ethical Subjectivity in Applied Linguistics Research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 42, 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190521000179
Soliman, M., Fatnassi, T., Elgammal, I., & Figueiredo, R. (2023). Exploring the Major Trends and Emerging Themes of Artificial Intelligence in the Scientific Leading Journals Amidst the COVID-19 Era. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 7(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010012
Spector, J. M., Merrill, M. D., Merrienboer, J. Van, & Driscoll, M. P. (2019). Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (Third Edit). Taylor & Francis Group.
Syahid, A., & Qodir, A. (2021). Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies: A Fifteen-Year Bibliometric Quest for a Bigger Impact. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.903415
Tahir, S., & Bidin, S. J. (2020). Research on Linguistic Landscape: Observing the Minute in the Bigger Picture. Global Journal of Emerging Sciences, 20–34. https://doi.org/10.37187/gjoes.0320.0201.04
Wasi, M., Zaki, S., & Anwar, R. H. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis of Research in Forensic Linguistics. Sage Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241299280
Wasiak, J., Tyack, Z., Ware, R. S., Goodwin, N., & Faggion, C. M. (2016). Poor Methodological Quality and Reporting Standards of Systematic Reviews in Burn Care Management. International Wound Journal, 14(5), 754–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12692
Welch, V., Mathew, C., Babelmorad, P., Li, Y., Ghogomu, E. T., Borg, J., Conde, M., Kristjansson, E., Lyddiatt, A., Marcus, S. M., Nickerson, J., Pottie, K., Rogers, M., Sadana, R., Saran, A., Shea, B., Sheehy, L., Sveistrup, H., Tanuseputro, P., … Howe, T. (2021). Health, Social Care and Technological Interventions to Improve Functional Ability of Older Adults Living at Home: An Evidence and Gap Map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1175
Wilton, A., & Stegu, M. (2011). Bringing the ‘Folk’ Into Applied Linguistics. Aila Review, 24, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.24.01wil
Yuslaini, N., Andriyus, A., Febriyanti, D., & Wicaksono, A. (2024). Sustainable Palm Oil Investment Climate in Indonesia: Foreign and Domestic Promotion by the Local Government. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy, 5(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v5i1.266
Zhang, X. (2019). A Bibliometric Analysis of Second Language Acquisition Between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(1), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263119000573
Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Liu, Y., Pilkington, K., Hartling, L., Joffe, A. R., Loke, Y. K., & Vohra, S. (2014). Quality of Reporting in Systematic Reviews of Adverse Events: Systematic Review. BMJ, 348(jan08 1), f7668–f7668. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f7668.
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