INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND ENHANCING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language education has become increasingly prominent in the 21st century, redefining how teachers and learners interact with linguistic input, pedagogical tools, and assessment mechanisms. This study investigates the transformative role of AI in enhancing pedagogical practices and promoting learner autonomy in English language learning contexts. Using a mixed-methods design, this research involved 80 English teachers and 200 students from Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia. Quantitative data were collected through surveys measuring perceptions of AI-based learning environments, while qualitative data were gathered through interviews and classroom observations. Findings indicate that AI-based tools significantly improve personalized learning, language accuracy, and metacognitive engagement. Teachers reported shifts from instructor-centered to learner-centered models, while students demonstrated increased motivation and independence. However, challenges related to digital literacy, ethical use, and overreliance on technology were also identified. The study concludes that AI can serve as a catalyst for pedagogical transformation when integrated critically and contextually into language curricula.