THE ROLE OF LITERATURE IN DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

Abstract

In the era of globalization, English language education is no longer confined to linguistic competence but extends to intercultural communication and understanding. This study explores how literature can be used as a pedagogical tool to develop intercultural competence (IC) among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected from 50 English teachers and 120 students across three universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, interviews, and document analysis of literature-based curricula. Findings reveal that literature fosters empathy, cultural awareness, and critical reflection on global issues. Through engagement with diverse literary texts, students enhance their ability to interpret cultural values, challenge stereotypes, and develop openness toward different worldviews. However, challenges such as limited teacher training and culturally irrelevant materials were identified. The study concludes that literature serves as a powerful medium for promoting intercultural competence in EFL education, provided it is supported by reflective pedagogy and contextually relevant instruction.